The journal supports the responsible and transparent use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic publishing. Authors may use AI-assisted tools only as supportive instruments, for example for language editing, grammar and style correction, or technical manuscript formatting.

However, AI systems must not be listed as authors and may not replace independent scholarly work. The formulation of research questions, data analysis, interpretation of findings, academic argumentation, and critical evaluation of sources must be conducted by the authors themselves. Full responsibility for the content of a submitted manuscript rests solely with the authors.

If AI tools are used to a significant extent, their use must be disclosed transparently in the manuscript or accompanying submission documents. Authors are required to carefully review all AI-generated content and ensure that it is free from factual inaccuracies, bias, plagiarism, or copyright infringements.

The use of AI-assisted tools does not relieve authors of their academic or legal responsibilities. Authors retain sole responsibility for all content contained in a submitted manuscript, including any text generated, revised, or supported by AI systems. The journal accepts no liability for factual errors, fabricated references (so-called hallucinations), inaccurate citations, plagiarism, copyright infringements, data protection violations, or any other issues arising from the use of AI tools. In cases where academic standards or legal requirements are violated, full responsibility rests exclusively with the authors.

The submission of manuscripts that are entirely or predominantly generated by AI is not permitted. The journal reserves the right to screen submissions for the use of generative AI. Any violation of this policy may result in the rejection, withdrawal, or retraction of a manuscript at any stage of the review or publication process.